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California is located on the
West Coast of the United
States, along the Pacific
Ocean. It is bordered by
Oregon to the north, Nevada
to the east, Arizona to the
southeast, and to the south
the Mexican state of Baja
California. California is
the most populous U.S.
state. Its four largest
cities are Los Angeles, San
Diego, San Jose, and San
Francisco. It is known for
its varied climate and
geography as well as its
diverse population.
The area known as Alta
California was colonized by
the Spanish Empire beginning
in the late 18th century. It
and the rest of Mexico
became an independent
republic in 1821. In 1846
California broke away from
Mexico, and after the
Mexican-American War, Mexico
ceded California to the
United States. California
became the 31st state
admitted to the United
States on September 9, 1850.
California is the
third-largest U.S. state by
land area. Its geography
ranges from the Pacific
coast to the Sierra Nevada
mountains in the east, to
Mojave desert areas in the
southeast and the
Redwood-Douglas fir forests
of the northwest. The center
of the state is dominated by
the Central Valley, one of
the most productive
agricultural areas in the
world.
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